A preferred share on the Russian securities market is a limited instrument that is a hybrid between an ordinary share and a bond. In the business environment, disputes arise regarding the definition of the liquidation value, which differs from the balance sheet, market, nominal. The authors analyze the nature of the preferred share from an economic point of view, the customs of the business turnover established in the Russian Federation and develop a methodology for determining the fair and economically justified liquidation value of preferred shares.

In the age of technological development, the financial sector of the Russian economy was one of the first to actively begin the transition to digitalization of all business processes. Electronic platforms have been used to accelerate financial transactions and improve the quality of financial services. The country's population is increasingly moving towards cashless payments for goods, works and services. Russians now have the opportunity to purchase digital assets via bank card on a variety of electronic resources without leaving home. Nevertheless, along with the pluses of technological innovations in the payments sphere, new threats related to cyberattacks in the financial sector have emerged. Criminal methods today are becoming more sophisticated, with an emphasis on the collection and use of confidential information, gradually nullifying the traditional mechanisms of physical theft of funds. The urgency of developing reliable systems to protect electronic payments and important data requires the consolidation of efforts on the part of both the state and financial organizations, as well as society as a whole. Therefore, in the course of the study, in order to minimize digital threats, the concept of financial cybersecurity is considered, which contributes to the sustainable development of the economy, as well as ensuring the protection of users' interests, in a constantly evolving digital environment.

Among other sectors of the Russian economy, the banking sector is one of the most dynamically developing. Consequently, its resistance to various shocks and possible threats will be one of the central points of support for the economic security of the state. Modern statistics show an increase in various types of incidents in the financial sector. Regular monitoring and detailed analysis of fraudulent schemes will minimize the possibility of criminal manipulation, thereby significantly reducing the number of risks and the amount of financial losses.

The presented article provides a structural and geographical analysis of incidents in the financial sector recorded in 2023, and a sketch of the modern landscape of possible threats is compiled. The optimal approach to the formation of information and economic security of personal and financial data, in particular, and banking activities in general, involves comprehensive protection measures both from the point of view of the individual user and from the position of representatives of the banking community and the regulator.

The subject of the study is the impact of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) on financial intermediation and associated risks. The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of GenAI adoption in financial intermediation, identify potential risks and challenges, and explore the implications of increased use of these technologies. The relevance of the study is due to the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and their increasing impact on financial intermediation, which requires a comprehensive analysis and understanding of possible risks and benefits. The research methodology is based on the study of existing research on this topic,identification of current approaches to identifying risks, empirical analysis, including collection and processing of lists of risks of using GenAI and associated consequences. It is concluded that the variability of definitions in risk assessment GenAIcan create significant obstacles to consistency and coordination of actions between various market participants. Moreover, the lack of unified assessment criteria can lead to underestimation or overestimation of potential threats, which increases the likelihood of system failures and increases risks to the sustainability of the financial intermediation system as a whole.

As part of the preparation of the study, responses generated by ChatGPT about the assessment of the risks posed by GenAI were used.

The financial system plays a key role in economic development, ensuring high living standards and stable business activity. Money contributes to economic growth, but, at the same time, it also stimulates illegal actions aimed at their appropriation. The cases of counterfeiting that appeared with the minting of the first coins are gradually evolving due to technological innovations. Modern criminals use advanced methods of counterfeiting money, which presents significant difficulties even for the most advanced detection systems. Scammers focus on popular currencies such as the ruble, the US dollar and the euro, which leads to large-scale criminal activity, reaching the global level. Despite the efforts of law enforcement agencies and banks, criminal elements continue to find new ways to deceive, circumvent protective measures, and create difficult-to-recognize fakes, thereby posing threats to the country's economic security. To protect the monetary system of the state, banks and other organizations began to implement multi-level measures to counter criminal activity. Therefore, the article analyzes the impact of methods and means of combating counterfeit banknotes on economic security in the modern world.

This study presents the results of a comparative institutional analysis of the banking systems of Russia and Belarus based on a transactional approach. These countries were chosen as the object of research for reasons of common factors of historical development, the degree of integration interaction between countries, as well as the availability of common approaches to financial regulation. It is shown that despite the similarity of the evolutionary development of the banking systems of Russia and Belarus, the modern credit markets of these countries differ in such parameters as the powers of the central bank, the degree of competition between banking and non-banking financial markets, the functional purpose and institutional structure of the second level of the national banking system.

In modern conditions caused by the instability of the national economy, the role of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in the country's economy is increasing many times. Insurance is a reliable tool for protecting entrepreneurs from risks and ensuring the sustainability of their business. The purpose of this article is to study the current problems and prospects for the development of SME insurance in the context of external economic sanctions and market volatility. The object of the study is the SME insurance system in Russia. Scientific work contributes to the theory of insurance, in particular, to substantiate the need for insurance in the development of entrepreneurship and its role for the country's economy. The results of the study can be used to develop measures of state support for SME insurance, as well as to improve insurance products aimed at entrepreneurs.

The article explores the role of microfinance in the development of SMEs in Kyrgyzstan. The authors analyze the significance of this tool for the country's economy and offer practical recommendations for its use. The results of the study emphasize the importance of the potential of microfinance in the support and development of small and medium-sized businesses, contributing to the improvement of socio-economic indicators. At the same time, state support for the activities of SMEs, in particular ensuring access to financing, including microfinance, remains one of the most pressing problems of the Kyrgyz economy, requiring an integrated approach and careful attention from the authorities.

The article is devoted to the study and identification of new competencies for the position of a financial manager, which an employee in a modern commercial organization must have, as well as the analysis of the requirements that companies impose on financial managers. It considers the role and features of the position of a financial manager in a commercial organization, determines his plays in the job hierarchy of the company. Particular attention is paid to the influence of digitalization and technologies based on artificial intelligence on the work of financial managers in a commercial organization. The article uses such research methods as analysis, synthesis, modeling, observation and comparison, as well as methods of data processing and interpretation. The relevance of the work lies in increasing the interest of financial managers in digital technologies and ways to increase the company’s profits thanks to modern tools. Scientific novelty of the study consists of identifying the relationship between the degree of use of mechanisms based on artificial intelligence in the work of a financial manager with the effectiveness of his activities. The work provides recommendations for changing the professional competencies for a candidate for the position of financial manager in a modern commercial organization. The scientific study was conducted in relation to large companies in various industries and based on analysis of the labor market and job search services.

Intellectual capital is an invisible but important resource for all companies in the turbulent digital environment, which is the driver of innovation development. The issues of assessing and analyzing intellectual capital are extremely relevant and have long occupied the minds of domestic scientists and top managers. Today there are no generally accepted methods of intellectual capital assessment, which would allow to give a more objective assessment of its constituent elements. The article presents the results of analyzing the existing approaches to measuring intellectual capital. The author concludes that companies need to carefully monitor their intellectual capital and focus on providing internal information about it in order to gain a competitive advantage in the market.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the structure of the budget system and expenditures of the Republic of Kazakhstan (ROK), which are characterized by complexity and multilevel and reflect the amount of financial resources and the size of budget constraints at the levels of the budget system. The main focus is on the republican budget, which generates the country's revenues and finances national expenditures directed to such areas as defense, national security, foreign policy, as well as projects and assistance programs. The functioning of the budget system is regulated by regulatory legal acts (NPAs), including the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Budget Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan and other NPAs, which ensures transparent and effective management of public finances. The Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan plays a key role in the implementation of the state financial policy, coordinating work with other ministries and departments.

The article presents the results of the analysis conducted by the author of this article of the execution of republican budgets for the period 2018-2022. It is shown that all three categories of budgets (republican, regional and local) demonstrate steady growth in spending, which can lead to increased public investment and expansion of government programs. Special attention is paid to the increased level of education and health care, which ensures the priority and higher level of efficiency of these sectors in comparison with other sectors of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Based on the analysis, a SWOT analysis was conducted, which revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the budget system of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as identified threats and opportunities to improve its condition.

The article concludes with recommendations on ensuring the sustainability of the budget system and improving the efficiency of budget funds, including measures to increase transparency and efficiency of budget processes, optimize budget allocation, improve the effectiveness of social programs, reduce public debt, develop interdepartmental experience and use the state experience achieved in a number of sectors and territories.

The article provides an overview of existing methods for assessing the level and quality of life of the population of the regions. A system of indicators has been formed to assess the standard of living, covering the level of poverty, inflation, unemployment, real incomes and food costs in the structure of consumer spending. The methodology was tested on the example of the regions of the Volga Federal District, the study period: 20202022. Regions were grouped according to the value of the integral index of living standards, regions with very high, high, medium, low and very low values of the integral indicator were identified. It is concluded that the standard of living is decreasing against the background of regional differentiation and the need to form a system of measures by public authorities aimed at improving the level and quality of life of the population. The practical significance of the results obtained is that they can be useful for making informed decisions in the field of regional policy and economics.

The adoption of accounting as a social science suggests that subsequent development is associated with both the study of its role in real social and institutional contexts, and the study of behavioral factors of the activities of those responsible for the development of professional accounting judgments of persons and managers making decisions based on accounting information. However, today researchers do not fully assess the actual problem of studying the behavioral (behavioral) aspects of the activities of accounting specialists as significant factors affecting the functioning of the accounting and analytical system of any organization. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to assess the impact of behavioral factors on the effectiveness of the organization and development of management accounting, in the context of its interdisciplinarity. In this regard, the article, to a certain extent, examines the features of behavioral factors in accounting that form its interdisciplinarity; substantiates the necessity and justification of a behavioristic approach in management accounting; reveals the influence of emotional and psychological qualities of an accountant on the organization of the accounting process, the activities of the accounting service, the formation of accounting policy.

The authors present a methodological approach to the development of analytical support for management decisions based on management standards (ISO 9000 and 9001, ISO 9004 and their Russian versions), standards in the field of accountability and interaction with stakeholders of the AA 1000 series, requirements for accountability of organizations to stakeholders. The influence of new management paradigms (value-oriented management, stakeholder capitalism) on the formation of a system of key indicators and their use in the management of an organization is considered.