Formation of human capital as a basic condition for ensuring economic security in the region

The article explores the relationship between the formation of human capital and the economic security of the region. The authors comprehensively analyze the current state of human capital in the Oryol region based on a range of indicators (demography, education, and the labor market). This analysis reveals the main threats to the economic security of the Oryol region, primarily related to the degradation of human capital caused by depopulation, migration outflows of the working-age population, and labor market imbalances. A comparative analysis of the Oryol Region with other regions of the Central Federal District revealed the region's vulnerabilities and competitive advantages in terms of human capital formation, which ensure its economic security. The study conducted by the authors allowed them to develop a set of measures aimed at strengthening the region's economic security. These recommendations, which include improving the region's educational infrastructure, developing and implementing programs aimed at retaining young people in the region, developing a continuous education system, and improving the quality of life for the population, will not only ensure sustainable security but also contribute to improving the living standards of the people of the Oryol Region.

1. Kapelyushnikov R. I. How much is Russia's human capital worth? [Preprint WP3/2012/06; Nacz. issled. un-t «Vy`sshaya shkola e`konomiki»], Moscow, Izdatel'skij dom Vysshej shkoly ekonomiki, 2012, 76 р. (In Russ.).

2. Backer G. S. Human capital: a theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education, New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, Distributed by Columbia University Press, 1964, 187 p.

3. Schultz T. W. Investment in human capital: the role of education and of research, New York: Free Press, 1970, 272 p.

4. Kapelyushnikov R. I. Russia's Human Capital: evolution and Structural features, Vestnik obshhestvennogo mneniya. Dannye. Analiz. Diskussii, 2025, № 4 (78), pp. 46-54. (In Russ.).

5. Dobry`nin A. I., Dyatlov S. A., Cyrenova E. D. Human capital in a transitive economy: Formation, assessment, efficiency of use, St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Finance, St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1999, 308 р. (In Russ.).

6. Mityakov S. N., Romanova N. A., Mityakova E. S. E Economic security of the Volga Federal District regions, Ekonomika regiona, 2013, № 3 (35), pp. 81–91. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17059/2013-3-6

7. Varaksa N. G., Rozhdestvenskaya E. S. Personnel Security as a Component of Enterprise Economic Security, Ekonomicheskie i gumanitarnye nauki, 2025, No. 4 (399), pp. 108-117. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.33979/2073-7424-2025-399-4-108-118

8. Khachatryan O. A. The Impact of Health as an Element of Human Capital on Employment: A Regional Aspect, Ekonomicheskie i gumanitarnye nauki, 2025, No. 6 (401), pp. 106-114. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.33979/2073-7424-2025-401-6-106-118